Renfe Spanish National Railways

Renfe Operadora is the state-owned enterprise responsible for passenger and freight rail transport in Spain. Established in 2005 through the restructuring of the former Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (RENFE), the company was created to separate infrastructure management from railway operation in accordance with European Union railway directives.

The brand is a symbol of Spanish modernization, operating the extensive Alta Velocidad Española (AVE) high-speed network, one of the most advanced globally. While the services are provided within Spain, the rolling stock—the trains themselves—are manufactured through partnerships with major engineering firms such as Talgo, Alstom, and Siemens, often with assembly taking place at Spanish facilities. As a public entity, Renfe remains under the direct control of the Spanish Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility.