Gouda cheese

Gouda cheese is one of the world's most iconic dairy products, originating from the city of Gouda in South Holland during the Middle Ages. Its history is tied to the city's historical market rights, which made it the central trading hub for the region's farmers. Unlike many other cheeses, 'Gouda' itself is a style and is not a protected name on its own, meaning it is produced globally. However, specific designations such as 'Gouda Holland' (PGI) and 'Noord-Hollandse Gouda' (PDO) are legally protected and must be produced in the Netherlands using Dutch milk.

The brand ownership of Gouda is fragmented because the term refers to a generic variety rather than a single trademarked brand. Large dairy cooperatives and food conglomerates, such as FrieslandCampina or Arla Foods, are major industrial producers, while hundreds of independent Dutch farmers continue to produce 'Boerenkaas' (Farmer's Cheese) using traditional, unpasteurised methods. Depending on its age, the product ranges from mild and creamy to hard and crystalline with a deep caramel flavor profile.