GrapheneOS

GrapheneOS is a security-hardened, privacy-focused mobile operating system based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It is designed to mitigate large classes of vulnerabilities and significantly improve privacy through the removal of Google Play Services at the system level and the implementation of advanced sandboxing techniques. The project was originally founded in 2014 as CopperheadOS before evolving into its current form in 2019 under its current leadership.

The development and maintenance of GrapheneOS are handled by a non-profit foundation. Unlike traditional commercial operating systems, it does not have a corporate parent company or external shareholders. Instead, it relies on donations and grants to fund its operations. The software is primarily developed for Google Pixel hardware because these devices provide the necessary hardware security features, such as the Titan M2 security chip and support for third-party verified boot.

Ownership of GrapheneOS remains collective under the GrapheneOS Foundation. The project operates with a commitment to open-source transparency and carries no affiliation with Google or any other major technology conglomerate. Its manufacturing 'origin' is decentralized, with developers contributing globally, though its administrative roots are located in Canada.